Category Archives: casualties

Do Polar Cruises Pose Titanic Risks?

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Unhappy Christmas For Philippines Ferries

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Arctic Sea Gets Murkier

Reports regard­ing the Arc­tic Sea are pos­i­tively New­ton­ian: for each report there is an equal and oppo­site report. She was reported in Spain, then Span­ish author­i­ties denied the claim. She was reported off the Cape Verde Islands then Russ­ian diplo­mats and Por­tuguese author­i­ties said she wasn’t. An AIS sig­nal in the Bay of Bis­cay sig­nalled her pres­ence, or maybe not because there was no evi­dence the trans­mis­sion came from equip­ment on the ship,the Russ­ian naval offi­cials said it was from a Russ­ian Navy ves­sel, which raises more ques­tions than it answers.

Now it is reported that ran­som demands have been made to the shipowner but, again, there has been no ‘proof of life’ -  a nec­es­sary ele­ment for a cred­i­ble ran­som demand and until that is given the ran­som demands are meaningless.

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Bulgaria – A Man Resigned

Captain Hristo Papukchiev0001
Cap­tain Hristo Papukchiev

Just one day after being tasked to lead a re-opening of the inves­ti­ga­tion into the Jan­u­ary 2008 sink­ing of the gen­eral cargo ship Vanessa Cap­tain Hristo Papukchiev resigned as chair­man of the Com­mis­sion of Inves­ti­ga­tion. It was a frus­trat­ing end to a mis­sion to enhance safety for sea­far­ers on Bul­gar­ian ships and in Bul­gar­ian waters.

Papukchiev’s story raises issues regard­ing the country’s com­mit­ment to mar­itime safety, safety inves­ti­ga­tion, and search and res­cue. The issues are not unique to Bulgaria,they are com­mon in those coun­tries where ship­ping inter­ests wield tremen­dous polit­i­cal power, power enough to make or break pres­i­dents. What makes his story unique is that such tales are usu­ally kept behind well-closed doors but Papukchiev has gone public.

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Maersk Kithira Death — Staff Didn’t Appreciate Risk

A chief offi­cer and chief engi­neer did not under­stand the haz­ards of going for­ward to fix a lead­ing stores hatch in heavy weather, says the UK’s MAIB. Both men were badly injured, the chief engi­neer fatally.

Maersk Kithira

Says MAIB:

On 23 Sep­tem­ber 2008, the chief offi­cer and the chief engi­neer of the con­tainer ves­sel Maersk Kithira were seri­ously injured when they were struck by a wave as the ves­sel pro­ceeded in heavy weather con­di­tions in the South China Sea. The chief engi­neer sub­se­quently died of his injuries.
The two offi­cers went onto the fore­cas­tle deck to secure a leak­ing stores hatch and loose anchor secur­ing chain fol­low­ing acti­va­tion of a bilge alarm.

Although some mea­sures were taken to reduce the risk to the men before they went onto the exposed fore­cas­tle deck, ship’s staff did not fully appre­ci­ate the risk of large waves break­ing over the decks in the pre­vail­ing con­di­tions, and insuf­fi­cient infor­ma­tion was avail­able on board the ves­sel to enable them to make a full risk assess­ment before embark­ing on the operation.

Sub­se­quent to the acci­dent, the ship’s man­ager has pro­vided its crews with enhanced train­ing on risk assess­ment, improved its inter­nal audit­ing pro­ce­dures, and has amended its risk assess­ment relat­ing to the move­ment of per­son­nel on exposed decks in heavy weather.

A rec­om­men­da­tion has been made to the Mar­itime and Coast­guard Agency (MCA) which seeks to estab­lish more com­pre­hen­sive advice, includ­ing prac­ti­cal guid­ance on the likely inci­dence of large waves, that should be con­sid­ered when­ever sea­far­ers need to access open decks in con­di­tions of heavy weather.

The man­ager of Maersk Kithira has been rec­om­mended to make improve­ments to its safety man­age­ment sys­tem relat­ing to its pro­ce­dures for main­tain­ing water­tight integrity.”

The full report is avail­able here

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New Podcast: The Case Of The Unwatched ZOCs

The sea still holds many secrets,
and some of them could sink you,
so watch your ZOCs .

PLEASE READ HERE FOR TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF USE

Lis­ten To The Podcast

Tran­script Here

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That Old Familiar Tired Feeling

Pit a fatigued, over­worked offi­cer keep­ing a watch alone at night aboard a 68,000 DWT con­tain­er­ship weav­ing his way through fish­ing boats off the coast of China against a 35,343 dwt bulker which has for­got­ten to switch on its nav­i­ga­tion lightsd, with a wonky AIS, a bridge team that isn’t func­tion­ing well, con­cen­trat­ing on those same fish­ing boats and what you get is this:

That was the col­li­sion between the German-flagged box­ship Han­jin Gothe­burg and the Panama-flagged bulker Chang Tong on 15th Sep­tem­ber 2007 in the Bohai Strait, the busy gate­way to Bei­jing. Still wedged together like mat­ing mutts, the two ships were towed to calmer waters. Three days later a hur­ri­cane sep­a­rated the two ships and the Chang Tong broke in two and sank.

Chang Tong breaks in two–

–And sinks

The inves­ti­ga­tion report by Germany’s Bun­desstelle für See­un­fal­lun­ter­suchung , the Fed­eral Bureau of Mar­itime Casu­alty Inves­ti­ga­tion, has recently been released in Eng­lish and can be down­loaded here.

MAC has looked at fatigue before, in the Case Of The Cozy Cap­tain, and The Case Of The Baf­fling Bays, among oth­ers, you’ll find links to fur­ther infor­ma­tion on the pod­cast tran­scripts page.

Fatigue at Sea , A Review of Research and Related Lit­er­a­ture (World Mar­itime University)

Devel­op­ment of a Fatigue Man­age­ment Pro­gram for Cana­dian Marine Pilots (Trans­port Canada)

Fatigue in Ferry Crews (SIRC)

Guide for Mar­itime Oper­a­tions (US Coastguard)

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And Then There’s Coconut Killer

Checked the oxy­gen? Good. Checked for explo­sive atmos­phere? Good. But it might still not be enough. Back in 2001 the Bri­tan­nia P&I Club’s Riskwatch pub­lished a cau­tion­ary tale of a ship car­ry­ing Indone­sian crude coconut oil from Kuala Enok to Rotterdam.

A heater in the tank of coconut oil ensured that the cargo remained liq­uid n the colder climes of Europe.

After berthing and dis­charge six men went into one of the tanks to clean residue from the pump suc­tion. Oxy­gen lev­els were found to be accept­able and tested with an explosime­ter showed that the atmos­phere was below the lower explo­sive limit, LEL, so the tank was ‘safe’ and the men started work.

After a while one of the men seemed to be hav­ing a prob­lem. Four men man­aged to get out of the tank, two oth­ers col­lapsed, one of whom later died.

Dur­ing the voy­age from Indone­sia the heat­ing of the coconut oil led to the evo­lu­tion of car­bon monox­ide gas, some­thing not realised before. indeed, a chemist in the inves­ti­ga­tion was scep­ti­cal until lab­o­ra­tory tests revealed that heated veg­etable oils could, indeed, pro­duce car­bon monoxide.

The lev­els in the tank were more than 1,000 parts per mil­lion, dan­ger­ously high. Car­bon Monox­ide is deadly because it replaced oxy­gen in the blood. Think of it as chem­i­cal suffocation.

In a pre­vi­ous post we talked of dan­ger­ous videos that sug­gested that it was okay to go into atmos­pheres of less than 21 per cent (actu­ally, 21.9 per cent). We warned that if the oxy­gen level was low it was because some­thing was dis­plac­ing the oxy­gen and that some­thing might be haz­ardous. In this case, car­bon monox­ide was a lit­tle more than 0.1 per cent.

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Panama — Rezzak disappearance may be fraud

Senior offi­cials in the mar­itime acci­dent inves­ti­ga­tion depart­ment of the Panama Mar­itime Author­ity have told Mar­itime Acci­dent Case­book that fraud is still being con­sid­ered in the dis­ap­pear­ance of the gen­eral cargo car­rier M/V Rez­zak ear­lier this year. Panama and other states involved in the case includ­ing India, Rus­sia and Turkey are plan­ning a $1.3 under­wa­ter search for the miss­ing vessel.

Noth­ing has been heard from the 26-year old, 3009 tonne M/V Rez­zak or her 25-strong Indian crew since she dis­ap­peared fol­low­ing her depar­ture from the Russ­ian port of Novorossiysk on Feb­ru­ary 17 with a cargo of 2,800 tonnes of steel bil­lets, bound for Bartin Lamani in Turkey. Sev­eral mem­bers of the crew’s fam­ily believe they may still be alive and held against their will and some claim that the crews’ cell­phone were work­ing for some­time after her disappearance.

Another ship, the tug Jupiter 6, with the same man­ning agent, Pel­i­can, and an Indian crew dis­ap­peared in Sep­tem­ber 2005. The EPIRB of the Jupiter 6 was man­u­ally acti­vated some 33 days after radio con­tacts was lost. In that case, too, there were odd cell­phone issues.

The Indian gov­ern­ment says that the inci­dent has “shaken”the government’s con­fi­dence in its mar­itime train­ing pol­icy. Kiran Dhinga, India’s Direc­tor Gen­eral of Ship­ping, asked for a re-investigation of the inci­dent at an IMO meet­ing last month. She is quoted in the Indian press as say­ing that fol­low­ing her crit­i­cism of the ‘the fun­da­men­tal safety mech­a­nism of IMO and every safety mech­a­nism ever put in place by it’ : “The sec­re­tary gen­eral (IMO Secretary-General Efthimios E. Mitropou­los of IMO organ­ised a meet­ing in his cham­bers with the del­e­ga­tion of the con­cerned states and the sub­stan­tially inter­ested state (India), request­ing them to work in close coop­er­a­tion in trac­ing the miss­ing ship as soon as possible.”

Engi­neer Ger­ardo Varela, chief mar­itime inves­ti­ga­tor for Panama’s Mar­itime Author­ity arrived in Turkey this week to join another inves­ti­ga­tor who has been there since Feb­ru­ary co-operating with the Turk­ish gov­ern­ment. Piracy has been ruled out due to the weather con­di­tions at the time of the dis­ap­pear­ance but the pos­si­bil­ity of fraud is still being considered.

One of the inves­ti­ga­tors involved told MAC: “We have not dis­carded the pos­si­bil­ity of fraude, as there is so much infor­ma­tion col­lected which lead us to that hypoth­e­sis. For exam­ple, a life raft was found with the vessel’s pre­vi­ous name writ­ten in the raft’s plas­tic and not on the out­side, where the cur­rent vessel’s name must be writ­ten. Also, if the Cap­tain knew that there was bad weather in that area, why did he con­tinue to sail in that same area?”

The sea­wor­thi­ness of M/V Rez­zak has been ques­tioned but the inves­ti­ga­tor says that although a num­ber of defi­cien­cies orig­i­nally led to the deten­tion of the Rez­zak for two weeks, the rel­e­vant Port State Con­trol autho­rised the vessel’s depar­ture after the defi­cien­cies were rec­ti­fied and ver­i­fied by its clas­si­fi­ca­tion soci­ety, NKK, a mem­ber of the Inter­na­tional Asso­ci­a­tion of Clas­si­fi­ca­tion Soci­eties. Among the items replaced on the ves­sel was its EPIRB unit, which was not trig­gered dur­ing the disappearance.

Cur­rently, an eight-day under­wa­ter search for the Rez­zak is planned cost­ing $1.3 and fund­ing for the project is being sought from the four involved coun­tries, India, Turkey, Rus­sia and Panama.

See Also: “Ghostly Goings On — The Rez­zak Mystery”

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Enclosed space Entry Deaths — The Shipping Industry’s Shame

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