Category Archives: casualties
Unhappy Christmas For Philippines Ferries
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Arctic Sea Gets Murkier
Reports regarding the Arctic Sea are positively Newtonian: for each report there is an equal and opposite report. She was reported in Spain, then Spanish authorities denied the claim. She was reported off the Cape Verde Islands then Russian diplomats and Portuguese authorities said she wasn’t. An AIS signal in the Bay of Biscay signalled her presence, or maybe not because there was no evidence the transmission came from equipment on the ship,the Russian naval officials said it was from a Russian Navy vessel, which raises more questions than it answers.
Now it is reported that ransom demands have been made to the shipowner but, again, there has been no ‘proof of life’ - a necessary element for a credible ransom demand and until that is given the ransom demands are meaningless.
Bulgaria – A Man Resigned
Just one day after being tasked to lead a re-opening of the investigation into the January 2008 sinking of the general cargo ship Vanessa Captain Hristo Papukchiev resigned as chairman of the Commission of Investigation. It was a frustrating end to a mission to enhance safety for seafarers on Bulgarian ships and in Bulgarian waters.
Papukchiev’s story raises issues regarding the country’s commitment to maritime safety, safety investigation, and search and rescue. The issues are not unique to Bulgaria,they are common in those countries where shipping interests wield tremendous political power, power enough to make or break presidents. What makes his story unique is that such tales are usually kept behind well-closed doors but Papukchiev has gone public.
Maersk Kithira Death — Staff Didn’t Appreciate Risk
A chief officer and chief engineer did not understand the hazards of going forward to fix a leading stores hatch in heavy weather, says the UK’s MAIB. Both men were badly injured, the chief engineer fatally.

Says MAIB:
“On 23 September 2008, the chief officer and the chief engineer of the container vessel Maersk Kithira were seriously injured when they were struck by a wave as the vessel proceeded in heavy weather conditions in the South China Sea. The chief engineer subsequently died of his injuries.
The two officers went onto the forecastle deck to secure a leaking stores hatch and loose anchor securing chain following activation of a bilge alarm.
Although some measures were taken to reduce the risk to the men before they went onto the exposed forecastle deck, ship’s staff did not fully appreciate the risk of large waves breaking over the decks in the prevailing conditions, and insufficient information was available on board the vessel to enable them to make a full risk assessment before embarking on the operation.
Subsequent to the accident, the ship’s manager has provided its crews with enhanced training on risk assessment, improved its internal auditing procedures, and has amended its risk assessment relating to the movement of personnel on exposed decks in heavy weather.
A recommendation has been made to the Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) which seeks to establish more comprehensive advice, including practical guidance on the likely incidence of large waves, that should be considered whenever seafarers need to access open decks in conditions of heavy weather.
The manager of Maersk Kithira has been recommended to make improvements to its safety management system relating to its procedures for maintaining watertight integrity.”
New Podcast: The Case Of The Unwatched ZOCs
The sea still holds many secrets,
and some of them could sink you,
so watch your ZOCs .
PLEASE READ HERE FOR TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF USE
Listen To The Podcast
That Old Familiar Tired Feeling
Pit a fatigued, overworked officer keeping a watch alone at night aboard a 68,000 DWT containership weaving his way through fishing boats off the coast of China against a 35,343 dwt bulker which has forgotten to switch on its navigation lightsd, with a wonky AIS, a bridge team that isn’t functioning well, concentrating on those same fishing boats and what you get is this:
That was the collision between the German-flagged boxship Hanjin Gotheburg and the Panama-flagged bulker Chang Tong on 15th September 2007 in the Bohai Strait, the busy gateway to Beijing. Still wedged together like mating mutts, the two ships were towed to calmer waters. Three days later a hurricane separated the two ships and the Chang Tong broke in two and sank.
Chang Tong breaks in two–
–And sinks
The investigation report by Germany’s Bundesstelle für Seeunfalluntersuchung , the Federal Bureau of Maritime Casualty Investigation, has recently been released in English and can be downloaded here.
MAC has looked at fatigue before, in the Case Of The Cozy Captain, and The Case Of The Baffling Bays, among others, you’ll find links to further information on the podcast transcripts page.
Fatigue at Sea , A Review of Research and Related Literature (World Maritime University)
Development of a Fatigue Management Program for Canadian Marine Pilots (Transport Canada)
And Then There’s Coconut Killer
Checked the oxygen? Good. Checked for explosive atmosphere? Good. But it might still not be enough. Back in 2001 the Britannia P&I Club’s Riskwatch published a cautionary tale of a ship carrying Indonesian crude coconut oil from Kuala Enok to Rotterdam.
A heater in the tank of coconut oil ensured that the cargo remained liquid n the colder climes of Europe.
After berthing and discharge six men went into one of the tanks to clean residue from the pump suction. Oxygen levels were found to be acceptable and tested with an explosimeter showed that the atmosphere was below the lower explosive limit, LEL, so the tank was ‘safe’ and the men started work.
After a while one of the men seemed to be having a problem. Four men managed to get out of the tank, two others collapsed, one of whom later died.
During the voyage from Indonesia the heating of the coconut oil led to the evolution of carbon monoxide gas, something not realised before. indeed, a chemist in the investigation was sceptical until laboratory tests revealed that heated vegetable oils could, indeed, produce carbon monoxide.
The levels in the tank were more than 1,000 parts per million, dangerously high. Carbon Monoxide is deadly because it replaced oxygen in the blood. Think of it as chemical suffocation.
In a previous post we talked of dangerous videos that suggested that it was okay to go into atmospheres of less than 21 per cent (actually, 21.9 per cent). We warned that if the oxygen level was low it was because something was displacing the oxygen and that something might be hazardous. In this case, carbon monoxide was a little more than 0.1 per cent.
Panama — Rezzak disappearance may be fraud
Senior officials in the maritime accident investigation department of the Panama Maritime Authority have told Maritime Accident Casebook that fraud is still being considered in the disappearance of the general cargo carrier M/V Rezzak earlier this year. Panama and other states involved in the case including India, Russia and Turkey are planning a $1.3 underwater search for the missing vessel.
Nothing has been heard from the 26-year old, 3009 tonne M/V Rezzak or her 25-strong Indian crew since she disappeared following her departure from the Russian port of Novorossiysk on February 17 with a cargo of 2,800 tonnes of steel billets, bound for Bartin Lamani in Turkey. Several members of the crew’s family believe they may still be alive and held against their will and some claim that the crews’ cellphone were working for sometime after her disappearance.
Another ship, the tug Jupiter 6, with the same manning agent, Pelican, and an Indian crew disappeared in September 2005. The EPIRB of the Jupiter 6 was manually activated some 33 days after radio contacts was lost. In that case, too, there were odd cellphone issues.
The Indian government says that the incident has “shaken”the government’s confidence in its maritime training policy. Kiran Dhinga, India’s Director General of Shipping, asked for a re-investigation of the incident at an IMO meeting last month. She is quoted in the Indian press as saying that following her criticism of the ‘the fundamental safety mechanism of IMO and every safety mechanism ever put in place by it’ : “The secretary general (IMO Secretary-General Efthimios E. Mitropoulos of IMO organised a meeting in his chambers with the delegation of the concerned states and the substantially interested state (India), requesting them to work in close cooperation in tracing the missing ship as soon as possible.”
Engineer Gerardo Varela, chief maritime investigator for Panama’s Maritime Authority arrived in Turkey this week to join another investigator who has been there since February co-operating with the Turkish government. Piracy has been ruled out due to the weather conditions at the time of the disappearance but the possibility of fraud is still being considered.
One of the investigators involved told MAC: “We have not discarded the possibility of fraude, as there is so much information collected which lead us to that hypothesis. For example, a life raft was found with the vessel’s previous name written in the raft’s plastic and not on the outside, where the current vessel’s name must be written. Also, if the Captain knew that there was bad weather in that area, why did he continue to sail in that same area?”
The seaworthiness of M/V Rezzak has been questioned but the investigator says that although a number of deficiencies originally led to the detention of the Rezzak for two weeks, the relevant Port State Control authorised the vessel’s departure after the deficiencies were rectified and verified by its classification society, NKK, a member of the International Association of Classification Societies. Among the items replaced on the vessel was its EPIRB unit, which was not triggered during the disappearance.
Currently, an eight-day underwater search for the Rezzak is planned costing $1.3 and funding for the project is being sought from the four involved countries, India, Turkey, Russia and Panama.
Enclosed space Entry Deaths — The Shipping Industry’s Shame
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